The current between these islands, especially when a calm allows water backed up in the eastern mediterranean by the summers prevailing northwest wind to flow back westward, is as strong as any in the mediterranean. Chelidonium promontorium, formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the chain of taurus mountains, located on the southern coast of anatolia between the gulf of antalya and the bay of finike. Cape gelidonya shipwreck bachhuber major reference. The remains of the ship sat at a depth of about 27 m, on irregular rocky bottom. More importantly, this was also the first time where proven land archaeological techniques were adapted for the underwater environment. The bronze age ship at cape gelidonya probably hit a barelysubmerged rock pinnacle near the island, then drifted to the north and west before finally sinking. A selection of amphorae recovered from the dokos shipwreck, perhaps the oldest wreck discovered, but which from none of the ship was recovered.
Cape gelidonya late bronze age shipwreck excavation drawings. A selection of the broken bronze tools recovered at the cape gelidonya wreck site. The excavation of the underwater site of cape gelidonya was the first shipwreck excavation undertaken with regular, precise methodology. The research project that introduced control and discipline to shipwreck archaeology in the mediterranean is that of george bass at cape gelidonya, turkey bass 1966, 1967, 1975. It too is located on the southcentral coast of turkey, roughly 50 miles west of cape gelidonya, just a short distance east of another important cape. Scuba divers discover priceless gold coins in israel. This list of shipwrecks is of those sunken ships whose remains have been found aarhus historic shipwreck. Aug 12, 2014 the uluburun is a 3,300yearold shipwreck discovered off the coast of uluburun grand cape, near kas in southwestern turkey. Ada from 1961 onward, developing the mapping of wrecks photogrammetrically with stereophotographs and using a twoman submarine. With the collaboration of peter throckmorton, joan du plat taylor, j. A pile of copper oxhide ingots recovered from the cape gelidonya wreck site. Pdf the cape gelidonya shipwreck scarabs reconsidered. The lone tenon fragment recovered from the cape gelidonya wreck site.
Ship wrecks ceased being simply targets for casual looting by holidaying scuba divers and became archaeological phenomena, precious documents of the human past. A late bronze age shipwreck at kas, turkey request pdf. A brief history of underwater enterprise and exploration. Bass plates 8390 just off cape gelidonya, in southwest turkey, is a row of five tiny islands, the bes adalar group pl. At cape gelidonya in 1960, bass first demonstrated the archaeologists could excavate a shipwreck with the same scientific rigor as their counterparts working on land. The cape gelidonya shipwreck and the bronze age metals. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Chelidonium promontorium, formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the chain of taurus mountains, located on the southern coast of anatolia between the gulf of antalya and the bay of finike during the classical greek and hellenistic eras, it. Courtesy of the institute of nautical archaeology cape gelidonya the excavation of a late bronze age lba cargo vessel off southern turkeys cape gelidonya in 1960 was the worlds first scientific underwater dig. Unlike the uluburun ship, the gelidonya ship was carrying a cargo of raw materials, together with a magnificent collection of metalworking tools, all to be put to practical use. Dunn 2 the uluburun shipwreck was discovered in 1982 by sponge divers off the coast of ka and was subsequently excavated from 1984 1994 by george bass and c emal pulak. Controversy has surrounded the identification of the home port of the ship wrecked off cape gelidonya, turkey. Pdf files of the drawings below are available in the ina archives.
When george bass put out his final publication of the cape gelidonya shipwreck, in 1967, he was already very much aware of the special importance of the curious oxhideshaped ingots included in the cargo of the wreck. Cape gelidonya late bronze age shipwreck excavation site report. For decades, scholars had puzzled over a reference in homer to brushwood. The cape gelidonya shipwreck lies at the western side of the mouth of the antalya bay in southern turkey. A brief history of underwater enterprise and exploration part ii. In an attempt to contribute further information pertinent to the solution of this problem, samples for metallurgical study were taken from eight of the copper ingots that were carried on the ship. Cape gelidonya shipwreck bachhuber major reference works. Excavated in 1960 the site was resurveyed and small additional finds uncovered in 2010, cape gelidonya was the first ancient shipwreck to be dug in its entirety from the seabed by archaeologists. Like cape gelidonya, this is another late bronze age shipwreck. Media in category cape gelidonya the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. The late bronze age shipwreck at cape gelidonya was the earliest shipwreck ever discovered. Uluburun, one of the oldest and wealthiest shipwrecks ever. Archaeologists found ingots in the uluburun and cape gelidonya shipwrecks pulak 1998. Just inside the entry, finds from the cape gelidonya the late th century bc and seytan deresi the16th century b.
The late bronze age shipwrecks of uluburun and cape. Cape gelidonya adrasan, antalya, turkey local business. Jul 16, 2019 cape gelidonya shipwreck pdf cape gelidonya formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the chain of taurus. Within the following fortysome years that importance has escalated dramatically. The southeast end of the wreck, most probably its stern, held what may be considered personal possessions of crew andor passengers, as opposed to the mostly cypriot cargo and the shipboard mixture of mycenaean, cypriot, and syrian pottery. The finds provide significant insight into, and the clearest glimpse of, late bronze age maritime and terrestrial trade in the mediterranean. The artifacts were recovered, but for the most part the shipwrecks themselves were ignored. The cape gelidonya shipwreck scarabs reconsidered baruch brandl introduction ry has, however, been adopted from schulmans 1967.
The cape gelidonya shipwreck suggests new possibilities. A fullyfunctioning ecosystem which keeps invasive species in check will generate sustainable benefits for local people and increase resilience to climate change. As this was the first shipwreck to be completely excavated by diving archaeologists, this excavation became a milestone in the development of nautical archaeology as a new discipline pulak 1998. Cape gelidonya late bronze age shipwreck excavation. Ada from 1961 onward, developing the mapping of wrecks. The shipwreck they uncover reveals secrets that will rewrite history and reshape the face of archaeology as we know it today. The excavation of a late bronze age shipwreck, reported lying near cape gelidonya by peter throckmorton, has been discussed more fully elsewhere. The international journal of nautical archaeology i 998 27. The current between these islands, especially when. Media in category lighthouse of cape gelidonya the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. Underwater archaeology and then discovered the oldest shipwreck ever recorded, at cape gelidonya a bronze age shipwreck of the 14th century bce. The place of cape gelidonya shipwreck in the history of underwater archaeology as the first ancient wreck excavated in it s entirety on the seabed. Finally, in 1960, george bass, a graduate student at the university of pennsylvania and professional archaeologist, travelled to the south coast of turkey to excavate a bronze age shipwreck at cape gelidonya under the aegis of the university of pennsylvania museum.
A cursory examination of the hull remains documented in the cape gelidonya ship wreck publication reveals that that ship, too, was constructed in this fashion, but with somewhat smaller mortiseand tenon joints bass, 1967. The excavation of the underwater site of cape gelidonya was the first shipwreck excavation undertaken with. Underwater surveying and draughtinga technique antiquity. Cape gelidonya late bronze age shipwreck excavation site. Archaeologists george bass left and peter throckmorton examine wooden hull fragments from the cape gelidonya shipwreck. Oct 26, 2012 the excavation of the underwater site of cape gelidonya was the first shipwreck excavation undertaken with regular, precise methodology. The ineffective canaanite deity recovered from the uluburun wreck. T he researchers determine that what they had found was a late bronze age shipwreck, similar to the cape gelidonya ship wreck excavated in the 1960s. George bass center left and peter throckmorton center right discuss the layout of the cape gelidonya wreck site.
Late bronze age trade in the eastern mediterranean. A late bronze age shipwreck at kas, turkey article in international journal of nautical archaeology 4. Jun 18, 2019 cape gelidonya formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the chain of taurus. Abstract the excavation of the underwater site of cape gelidonya was the first shipwreck excavation undertaken with regular, precise.
The southeast end of the wreck, most probably its stern, held what may be considered personal possessions of crew andor passengers, as opposed to the mostly cypriot cargo and the shipboard mixture of. Shulman and hansgunter buchholz transactions of the american philosophical society. A general illustration of the way in which pegged mortiseandtenon joints were used on ancient ships. Sc1 showing the god re beneath two sundisks, the insignia of divinity, and holding a serpent.
On the left side of this room are artefacts gathered by the first scientific shipwreck excavation in the world, at cape gelidonya. George bass of the university of pennsylvania worked on a byzantine wreck at yass. Half of a tenon survived from the hull of the cape gelidonya shipwreck dated to c. Cape gelidonya, formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the. Admiralty chart no 237 karamania chart ii from cape khelidonia to cape karaboornoo by francis beaufort f.
The shipwreck excavated off cape gelidonya, turkey, by a university. As we will see this wreck probably dates to the end of the 14th century bc. Cape gelidonya, was the chelidonian promontory of pliny in lycia. During this project it was first shown that it was possible for archaeologists to work. This was the first excavation where the supervising archaeologist both dove and excavated.
Maritime archaeology noaa office of national marine. Desirable objects and materials recovered from the uluburun shipwreck. The interpretive significance of the cape gelidonya shipwreck when it was published in 1967 distribution of exported aegean ceramics 14001200 bce before cape gelidonya it was widely believed that the minoans and mycenaeans were the dominant traders in the late bronze age eastern mediterranean minos is the earliest of those. The area around cape gelidonya is extremely treacherous and was known in ancient times as being especially dangerous. Oct 27, 2015 the lone tenon fragment recovered from the cape gelidonya wreck site. Cape gelidonya shipwreck belong to late bronze age was found near finike on the south coast of. It was not until 1960 that maritime archaeology became a science. The uluburun shipwreck is a late bronze age shipwreck dated to the late 14th century bc, discovered close to the east shore of uluburun grand cape, and about 6 miles 9. The cape is the site of a late bronze age shipwreck c. Around 1200 bc, a vessel of unknown size seems to have ripped open its. The cape gelidonya shipwreck and the bronze age metals trade in. Cape gelidonya formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the chain of taurus. The 19841994 excavation of the shipwreck, under the auspices of the. That summer, george bass was invited by the turkish government to lead an excavation on what became known as the cape gelidonya wreck.
Cape gelidonya shipwreck pdf cape gelidonya formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the chain of taurus. The cape gelidonya shipwreck and the bronze age metals trade. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Scarabs and seals from the cape gelidonya shipwreck these three scarabs and the scarabshaped plaque inscribed on both faces on the right from the wreck seem to have been manufactured on the syro palestinian coast rather than in egypt. Ada and then discovered the oldest shipwreck ever recorded, at cape gelidonya a bronze age shipwreck of the 14th century bce. Introduction to nautical archaeology notes cape gelidonya. Pdf cape gelidonya shipwreck marianna phillip academia. Analyses of finds from the cape gelidonya shipwreck had allowed george bass to hypothesize about the central role of near eastern seafarers in late bronze age trade in the mediterranean. In the latter, odysseus builds a ship, and homers description of the construction closely matches what pulak has determined about the structure of the uluburun wreck. Museum expedition under the direction of george bass, has become a focal point in the. Its important cargo comprised a number of copper and tin ingots alongside a huge quantity of scrap bonze tools and weapons that appear to have made up the main cargo. Drawer hg, college station, texas 7784157, usa note the purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the uluburun shipwreck for the readers of ijna. Bass and his divers found brushwood used as dunnagepacking materialon the gelidonya and uluburun ships.
This wreck was not only to change the way archaeologists conducted research underwater but was also to expand our understanding of late. With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles. This wreck rested upon bedrock, which was unfortunate from an archaeological point of view as there was no protective covering of sand to preserve the wooden hull. List of shipwrecks simple english wikipedia, the free. With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. Maritime archaeology noaa office of national marine sanctuaries. Bass underwater archaeology papers span the underwater expeditions conducted by bass in greece, turkey and italy between 1959 and 1973, and also include his creation of the underwater. Sometime during the fourteenth or thirteenth century b. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. It is among the oldest ships ever discovered and contained one of the wealthiest and largest known assemblages of late bronze age items found in the mediterranean.
It too is located on the southcentral coast of turkey, roughly 50 miles west of cape gelidonya, just a short distance east of another important cape called ulu burun, near the town of kas. Plates 83 just off cape gelidonya, in southwest turkey, is a row of five tiny islands. Transactions of the american philosophical society new series volume 57, part 8 bass, george f, et al. Researchers camped on the narrow, flyinfested beach at right. The bronze age shipwrecks at uluburun and cape gelidonya are the basis of a theory that it wasnt just the mycenaeans who plied the mediterraneans waters. Using these methods, the cape gelidonya wreck became the first shipwreck to be entirely excavated on the seafloor. Bass underwater archaeology papers span the underwater expeditions conducted by bass in greece, turkey and italy between 1959 and 1973, and also include his creation of the underwater archaeology newsletter, the publishing of his expedition findings, and the founding of the american institute of nautical archaelogy. Excavation of the uluburun shipwreck near kas in southern turkey has yielded one of the largest and richest assemblages of bronze age trade goods and raw materials ever found. Just off cape gelidonya, on the southwest coast of turkey, lies a row of five tiny islands, little more than rocky peaks on the sea and dots on a map. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. The late bronze age shipwrecks of uluburun and cape gelidonya. The interpretive significance of the cape gelidonya shipwreck when it was published in 1967 distribution of exported aegean ceramics 14001200 bce before cape gelidonya it was widely believed that the minoans and mycenaeans were the dominant traders in the late bronze age eastern mediterranean x cape gelidonya.
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